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CHARON-AXP for Linux configuration

Table of Contents

Creation of your own configuration file using a template

By default, all the CHARON templates are located in the "/opt/charon/cfg" folder. Copy the appropriate template configuration file(s) to your home directory (or to any directory intended for CHARON-AXP). Name them meaningfully and set proper privileges.

For example:

$ cp /opt/charon/cfg/es40.cfg.template /my_charon_cfg/my_es40.cfg
$ chmod 644 /my_charon_cfg/my_es40.cfg

Please do not edit the original template configuration files since they can be updated or even removed on update/deinstallation of CHARON-AXP

Once the file has been created you can open it in your favorite editing tool and proceed with modification to reflect the exact features of the system you are going to emulate.

We will review all the parameters step by step issuing some recommendations and guidelines.

Note: lines preceeded by the comment sign "#" inside the configuration files will not be interpreted. You can use this sign to debug your configuration.

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HP Alpha model specification

The first configuration statement is the specification of the exact HP Alpha hardware model to emulate, for example:

set session hw_model = AlphaServer_ES40

You must leave this line untouched.

If you create the CHARON-AXP configuration file from scratch it must be the very first uncommented line in the configuration file.

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Configuration name

The next configuration statement is the "Configuration name" option:

#set session configuration_name = My_ES40

You can optionally uncomment this line to differentiate this CHARON-AXP instance from all others in a multi-instance environment. The configuration name can be any label that is meaningful.

The configuration name is reported in the log file and is used to set the log file name for rotating log (see further: Rotating log (default) ).

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Log file parameters

Execution of CHARON-AXP creates one log file or a set of log files reflecting the progress of its start-up and ongoing operation - start and end time of execution, system information, license and configuration details, warnings, reports on problems that may occur, etc. In case of possible problems either with the running CHARON-AXP or the emulated system configuration (such as the absence or malfunction of certain devices), the log file(s) is the primary source to be analyzed for troubleshooting. If it becomes necessary to contact Stromasys for support, the configuration and log files, plus the license number, will be requested to begin problem resolution.

 

 

Here is an example of a field test CHARON-AXP log file:

20150319:090329:INFO :0:000003A5:hexane.cxx(5357): session is loading built-in configuration "AlphaServer_ES40"...
20150319:090329:INFO :0:000003A6:hexane.cxx(5381): session has finished loading built-in configuration "AlphaServer_ES40".
20150319:090329:INFO :0:000003AA:hexane.cxx(5470): session is loading configuration file "es40.cfg"...
20150319:090329:INFO :0:000003AB:hexane.cxx(5500): session has finished loading configuration file "es40.cfg".
20150319:090329:INFO :0:0000032B:hexane.cxx(2588): Start request received.
20150319:090330:INFO :0:000003AC:hexane.cxx(1283): session's process affinity is 000000000000000F, system affinity is 000000000000000F.
20150319:090330:INFO :0:000003D1:hexane.cxx(1537): session's I/O domain affinity is 0000000000000001, CPU domain affinity is 000000000000000E
20150319:090330:INFO :0:000003BA:ll_sentine( 639): Looking for a license key ...
20150319:090330:INFO :0:000003DC:ll_sentine( 734): ... found license key 1422726238.
20150319:090330:INFO :0:0000024D:hexane.cxx(2729): STROMASYS SA, (C) 2009-2015
20150319:090330:INFO :0:00000350:hexane.cxx(2775): CHARON-AXP (AlphaServer ES40), V 4.6 B 16803, Jan 27 2015 / net-nes / 1422726238
20150319:090330:INFO :0:00000336:hexane.cxx(2802): The end user of this software has agreed to STROMASYS' Terms and Conditions for Software License and Limited Warranty, as described at: http://www.stromasys.com/pub/doc/30-17-033.pdf
20150319:090330:INFO :0:0000009D:hexane.cxx(2879): License info:
CHARON product code: "CHAXP-460xx-WI".
Licensed to: "net-nes".

20150319:090330:INFO :0:00000097:hexane.cxx(2888): OS Environment: Linux 3.17.8-200.fc20.x86_64 #1 SMP Thu Jan 8 23:26:57 UTC 2015 x86_64.
20150319:090330:INFO :0:00000098:hexane.cxx(2893): Host CPU: GenuineIntel, Family 6, Model 42, Stepping 1, Intel Xeon E312xx (Sandy Bridge), 1 Cores per Chip, 1 Threads per Core, at ~2593 MHz, 4 cpu's available
20150319:090330:INFO :0:00000099:hexane.cxx(2898): Host Memory: 4096Mb
20150319:090330:WARN :1:00000354:hexane.cxx(3050): 4 host CPUs detected but 8 recommended, performance might be limited.
20150319:090330:WARN :1:00000353:hexane.cxx(3068): The host system is below recommended specifications.
20150319:090332:ERROR:2:00000100:lnxpackpor( 753): (95) Operation not supported: EWA0: Failed to query for max frame size. Assume 1518.
20150319:090332:ERROR:2:00000101:lnxpackpor( 754): EWA0: Failed to query for link speed. Assume 10Mbps.
20150319:090332:WARN :1:000003D6:cpuemul.cx( 290): cpu_3 does not start as it unable to allocate host cpu
20150319:090333:INFO :0:0000034B:scsi_disk.( 566): PKA_0 is being set ONLINE
container = "/home/charon/Charon/test/performancecomparison-axp.vdisk"
20150319:090333:INFO :0:0000032C:hexane.cxx(2630): "AlphaServer_ES40" started.
20150319:090710:INFO :0:000003C3:21264_vms_( 43): CPU0 Halted (HALT INSTRUCTION @PC = FFFFFFFF800D3884)
20150319:090718:INFO :0:000003D7:hexane.cxx(4973): All virtual CPUs of "AlphaServer_ES40" have been stopped by now.

20150319:090718:INFO :0:0000032D:hexane.cxx(2674): "AlphaServer ES40" stop request received.
20150319:090718:INFO :0:0000014C:lnxpackpor( 416): EWA0: Stopping network interface ... please wait.
20150319:090718:INFO :0:00000348:ataunit.cx(1738): ide0 is being set OFFLINE
20150319:090718:INFO :0:00000348:ataunit.cx(1738): ide1 is being set OFFLINE
20150319:090718:INFO :0:0000032E:hexane.cxx(2692): Stopped.

The next group of parameters defines the name of the CHARON-AXP log file and how CHARON-AXP will use it:

#set session log_method = append
#set session log_method = overwrite
#set session log = "AlphaServer_ES40.log"

 

Rotating log (default)

By default CHARON-AXP utilizes a so-called "rotating log". This means that a new default log file is always created each time CHARON starts and can switch to another log file if the size of the log file exceeds 64Kb.

This mode is turned on if all the log parameters above are disabled (commented out) or the "session_log" parameter is pointing to an existing directory rather than to a file. If a directory is specified, the log files will be created in that directory.

Names of the rotating log files are composed as follows:

configuration_name-YYYY-MM-DD-hh-mm-ss-xxxxxxxxx.log

If the "Configuration name" parameter described before is omitted (commented out), the log name has the following format instead:

hw_model-YYYY-MM-DD-hh-mm-ss-xxxxxxxxx.log

Note that "xxxxxxxxx" is an increasing decimal number starting from "000000000" to separate log files with the same time of creation.

Only existing directory can be used as a value of the "log" parameter.

 

Single log

Alternatively it is possible to use just a single log file. Uncomment the "set session log" line and specify the desired CHARON-AXP log file name. Optionally, a path can be added to the log file name. If the path is not specified, the log file is created in the directory from where the guest (emulated machine) is started.

The log file can be extended ("log_method = append") or overwritten ("log_method = overwrite") by CHARON-AXP.

Below is a specification of a CHARON-AXP log file located in the "/my_logs" directory which will be overwritten each time CHARON-AXP starts:

set session log_method = overwrite
set session log = "/my_logs/my_es40.log"

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CPU affinity

This setting binds the running instance of the emulator CPUs to particular host CPUs.This should be used for soft partitioning host CPU resources or for isolating multiple CHARON instances on the same host from each other. By default the emulator instance allocates as many host CPUs as possible.

“Affinity” overrides the default and allows explicit specification of which host CPUs will be used by the instance. Affinity does not reserve the CPU for exclusive use.

set session affinity="0, 1, 2, 3"

The example above directs CHARON-AXP to use CPU 0,1,2 and 3.

If this parameter is omitted CHARON host will allocate available CPUs automatically.

(warning) Note that the number of the specified host CPUs must correspond to the number of the emulated CPUs (one host CPU for one emulated CPU; this value is specific for each HP Alpha model) and number of CPUs needed for CHARON application itself ("n_of_io_cpus").

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Number of host CPUs dedicated to CHARON I/O

This setting reserves host CPUs (of those specified by “affinity” parameter, if any) for use by the emulator for I/O handling. By default the emulator instance reserves one third of available host CPUs for I/O processing (round down, at least one). 

The “n_of_io_cpus” overrides the default by specifying the number of I/O host CPUs explicitly

Example:

set session n_of_io_cpus=2

The example above directs CHARON-AXP to use 2 CPUs for CHARON I/O operations.

(warning) Note that the number of the specified CPUs dedicated to CHARON I/O operations must correspond to the total number of available for CHARON CPUs (restricted by "affinity" parameter if needed) and the number of the virtual HP Alpha CPUs to be emulated.

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Setting a specific HP Alpha model

CHARON-AXP allows to specify an exact model of HP Alpha.

For example for HP AlphaServer ES40 family the "es40.cfg" sample configuration file contains the following options:

#============================================================================
#
# AlphaServer ES40 6/500
#
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------

#set ace cpu_architecture = EV6
#set rom dsrdb[0] = 1816 system_name = "AlphaServer ES40 6/500"
#set rom version[1] = 1.98-4 version[2] = 1.92-5

#============================================================================
#
# AlphaServer ES40 6/667
#
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------

set ace cpu_architecture = EV67
set rom dsrdb[0] = 1820 system_name = "AlphaServer ES40 6/667"

Just uncomment the provided lines to apply a certain model (It is "AlphaServer ES40 6/667" in the example above).

Full description of the parameters and other models that can be also configured is available in the "Configuration details" chapter of this User's Guide.

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Reducing number of emulated CPUs

If CHARON host contains not enough CPUs to emulate full range of the CPUs provided by a certain HP Alpha model it is possibe to direct CHARON-AXP to reduce number of the emulated Alpha CPUs in the configuration:

set session n_of_cpus=1

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Setting system serial number

The next configuration option that can be applied is setting a specific system serial number instead of the default one:

set rom system_serial_number = SN01234567

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TOY and ROM containers

The next objects to be configured are TOY and ROM containers (their presence depends on the HP Alpha model). It is always recommended to enable them. If a container file of the given name does not exist, CHARON-AXP will create it. It is recommended to specify the path for each file so that time and console parameters will be kept whatever the current directory is when starting the guest.

TOY means "Time of Year"; its container records time, date and some console parameters while CHARON-AXP is not running. To enable, uncomment the following line:

set toy container="clipper.dat"

The ROM container stores an intermediate state of the Flash ROM and some console parameters. It is highly recommended to define its location:

set rom container="clipper.bin"

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Emulated memory (RAM) size

The next parameter defines the amount of host memory the chosen CHARON-AXP model reserves for the emulation:

#set ram size=4096
set ram size=32768

The amount of RAM is specified in MB. It cannot exceed or be lower than certain values specific for each HP Alpha model. It is very important to keep the listed predefined increment between possible memory values.

The following table shows all the parameters:

Hardware ModelRAM size (in MB)
 MinMaxDefaultIncrement
AlphaServer 40064102451264
AlphaServer 8002568192512256
AlphaServer 10002561024512256
AlphaServer 1000A2561024512256
AlphaServer 120025632768512256
AlphaServer 200064204851264
AlphaServer 210064204851264

AlphaServer 4000

643276851264
AlphaServer 4100643276851264
AlphaServer DS10643276851264
AlphaServer DS15643276851264
AlphaServer DS20643276851264
AlphaServer DS25643276851264
AlphaServer ES40643276851264
AlphaServer ES45643276851264
AlphaServer GS8025665536512256
AlphaServer GS160512131072512512
AlphaServer GS320102426214410241024

It is possible to leave the RAM line commented out. In this case the model's default RAM amount is used. 

Note that in some particular orders your license may restrict the maximum RAM amount of each HP Alpha model.

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Console

Mapping to system resources

The next step is the specification of the HP Alpha console (OPA0) serial line:

#load physical_serial_line OPA0 line="/dev/ttyN"
#load virtual_serial_line OPA0 port=10003
load operator_console OPA0

The goal of this configuration step is to tell CHARON-AXP what host device to use as the virtual system console. The following options are available:

OptionDescription
physical_serial_line

Mapping to host serial line, both physical and virtual. Use the following mapping for different types of host serial lines:

MappingDescription
/dev/tty<N> Virtual serial lines
/dev/ttyS<N>Onboard serial lines
/dev/ttyUSB<N>Modem or usb serial lines adapters

A specific account for running CHARON ("charon") does not allow usage of physical consoles "/dev/tty<N>" as CHARON consoles. If you plan to map CHARON console to "/dev/tty<N>" use only "root" account for CHARON running.

virtual_serial_line

Mapping to an IP port of CHARON-VAX host.
Using this mapping it is possible to connect to CHARON-VAX console and disconnect from it at any time.

operator_consoleMapping to the current TTY console

The default setting is "operator_console".

The second console line "TTA0" can be also optionally configured (for 1 CPU models such as HP AlphaServer 400, HP AlphaServer 800, HP AlphaServer 1000, HP AlphaServer 1000A, HP AlphaServer DS10, HP AlphaServer DS10L and HP AlphaServer DS15):

load physical_serial_line TTA0 line="/dev/tty7"
set COM2 line=TTA0

(warning) Note there are a number of additional parameters for CHARON-AXP serial lines configuration. Follow this link for details.

Exit on pressing F6 button

Despite the fact that CHARON-AXP can exit with "power off" command given in its SRM console it is also recommended to set a hot key to stop the guest from the console in addition to the system tray icon:

set OPA0 stop_on = F6

This line provides CHARON-AXP the ability to exit by pressing the "F6" button.

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Improve granularity of emulated timer

The next configuration option can be applied for improving granularity of emulated CHARON-AXP timer:

#set isa clock_period=1000

Do not uncomment this parameter unless there are some problems with system time or system clock intervals in guest OS.

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ATAPI CD/DVD-ROM configuration

If the sample configuration file provides this parameter it is possible to map this particular CHARON-AXP emulator's "DQA0" CD-ROM to the host CD/DVD-ROM with the following setting:

set ide container="/dev/sg<N>"

How to find proper "/dev/sg" device is explained in this section.

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Networking

CHARON-AXP supports DE435, DE450, DE500AA, DE500BA, DE602 and DE602AA virtual network adapters.

All of them are configured in a similar way:

load DE500BA/dec21x4x EWA interface=EWA0
load packet_port/chnetwrk EWA0 interface="eth0"

load DE602/i8255x EIA interface=EIA0
load packet_port/chnetwrk EIA0 interface="eth0"

In the examples above the first line loads DE500BA/DE602 virtual adapter with a name "EWA"/"EIA" (note that "/i8255x" syntax must be used only in case of DE602 and DE602AA adapters); the following line maps it to host network interface "eth0". Note that the mapping is performed in 2 steps:

  1. A mapping object "packet_port" with a name "EWA0"/"EIA0" is loaded and connected to host interface "eth0", so CHARON-AXP will use this interface for its networking
  2. The loaded DE500BA virtual adapter "EWA"/"EIA" is connected to the "packet_port" object "EWA0"/"EIA0"

It is possible to load several DE435, DE450, DE500AA, DE500BA, DE602 or DE602AA controllers, for example (for DE500BA): 

load DE500BA/dec21x4x EWA interface=EWA0
load packet_port/chnetwrk EWA0 interface="eth0"

load DE500BA/dec21x4x EWB interface=EWB0
load packet_port/chnetwrk EWB0 interface="eth1"

Some network adapters available in CHARON-AXP are preloaded (for example, HP AlphaServer DS15 contains 2 preloaded adapters EWA and EWB), so their configuration is even more simple:

load packet_port/chnetwrk EWA0 interface = "eth0"

CHARON supports VLAN adapters. If used, proceed with their installation and configuration according to the network adapter vendor User's Guide and then use the resulting VLAN interface the same way as the regular network interface. 

Follow this link for more details of CHARON-AXP network controllers configuration.

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Disk/tape subsystem

The next step is configuration of the disk/tape subsystem and mapping it to system resources using the samples given in the template configuration files.

CHARON-AXP supports KZPBA and KGPSA-CA adapters.

KZPBA PCI SCSI disk/tape controller

Below is the typical configuration options for KZPBA PCI SCSI disk/tape controller:

load KZPBA PKA scsi_id = 7

# Disks
#set PKA container[0] = "<file-name>.vdisk"
#set PKA container[100] = "/dev/sd<L>"

# Unknown SCSI device
#set PKA container[200] = "/dev/sg<N>"

# CD-ROM
#set PKA container[300] = "/dev/cdrom"
#set PKA container[300] = "/dev/cdrom1"
#set PKA container[300] = "/dev/cdrom<N>"
#set PKA container[300] = "/dev/sr0"
#set PKA container[300] = "/dev/sr<N>"

# CD-ROM image
#set PKA container[400] = "<file-name>.iso"

# Tape
#set PKA container[500] = "/dev/sg<N>"
#set PKA container[600] = "<file-name>.vtape"

The first line ("load KZPBA PKA") loads disk controller KZPBA with name "PKA", followed by 8 group of lines showing different ways of mapping to the host resources:

Type of mappingDescription
"<file-name>.vdisk"

Mapping to files representing physical disks of the HP Alpha system (disk images). 
These files can be created from scratch with "mkdskcmd" utility. Data and OS disk backups are transferred from the original system via tapes or network and restored into these container files. 
Mapping may also include the full path, for example: "/my_disks/my_boot_disk.vdisk" 

"/dev/sd<L>"

Mapping to physical disk. "L" is letter here. (warning) Be careful not to destroy all the information from the disk dedicated to CHARON-AXP by mistake.

These disks must not be formatted by the host OS.

(info) It is also possible to use not a whole disk, but previously created partitions on it. In this case the syntax is the following: "/dev/sd<L><N>" where N is the number of partition to be used.

Since "/dev/sd<L>" addressing is not persistent, so it is strongly recommended to use "/dev/disk/by-id/wwn-*" syntax instead to refer the disk by its WWID - especially in the enviroments utilizing FC and SAN storages (see below).


"/dev/dm-<N>"
"/dev/mapper/mpath<N>"
"/dev/mapper/disk<N>"

Mapping to multipath disk. (warning) Be careful not to destroy all the information from the disk dedicated to CHARON-AXP by mistake.  

These disks must not be formatted by the host OS.

"/dev/disk/by-*"

Mapping to physical disk.

  • by-id (addressing by the disk ID, for example "/dev/disk/by-id/ata-ST1000DM003-9YN162_S1D01QJ4")
  • by-label (addressing by the disk label, for example "/dev/disk/by-label/MyStorage")
  • by-uuid (addressing by the disk UUID, for example "/dev/disk/by-uuid/0e808a2f-cdd3-4944-a245-f729ffd73882")

(warning) Be careful not to destroy all the information from the disk dedicated to CHARON-AXP by mistake.

 These disks must not be formatted by the host OS.

"/dev/sg<N>" 

Direct mapping to some SCSI device, for example, a SCSI disk or tape reader.

How to find proper "/dev/sg" device is explined in this section.

"/dev/sr<N>"
"/dev/cdrom"
"/dev/cdrom<N>

Mapping to host CD-ROM device.
"<file-name>.iso"Mapping to an ISO file for reading distribution CD-ROM image.
Mapping may also include the full path (recommended), for example: "/my_disks/vms_distributive.iso"
"<file-name>.vtape"Mapping to the file representing the tape (tape image).
These files are created automatically.
Mapping may also include a full path (recommended), for example: "/my_tapes/backup.vtape"

Additionally it is possible to specify a parameter "media_type" to assign the type of the attached media explicitly.

Example:

set PKA media_type[600]="RX23"


Numbers in the square brackets represent SCSI addresses and LUNs associated with each container of the KZBPA controller. They have the following structure:

[XXYY], where

ParameterRangeDescription
XX0...15

Stands for SCSI ID of each connected unit.

(info) Note that KZPBA itself has some ID associated with it. By default it is 7, but it can be changed in the following way:

 

load KZPBA PKA scsi_id = 0

In this example an instance "PKA" of KZPBA controller is assigned with SCSI ID 0.

YY00...07Stands for LUN.

It is possible to load several KZPBA controllers: DKB, DKC, etc. by configuring specific placement for them on the PCI bus. It is discussed in details in the "Configuration details" chapter of this Guide.

Some HP Alpha systems emulated by CHARON-AXP have already had one or two KZPBA controllers preloaded. If the system has only one preloaded controller, the template configuration file usually provides some sample line on how to add another one, for example:

load KZPBA PKA bus=pci_1 device=1 function=0 irq_bus=isa irq=24

Follow this link for details of KZPBA controllers configuration.

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KGPSA-CA PCI FC disk controller

Optionally it is possible to configure KGPSA-CA FC disk controller.

It can be configured in 2 modes:

Below is an example of KGPSA-CA controller loading:

load KGPSA FGA

Optionally another KGPSA-CA adapter can be loaded similar way:

load KGPSA FGB

Follow this link for details of KGPSA-CA controllers configuration.

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KGPSA-CA mapping to the host resources

Below is the typical configuration options for KGPSA-CA PCI FC disk controller, mapped to the host resources ("L" is letter here):

load KGPSA FGA
#set FGA container[0] = "<file-name>.vdisk"
#set FGA container[100]="/dev/sd<L>"

 

The first line ("load KGPSA FGA") loads disk controller KGPSA with name "FGA", followed by 2 groups of lines showing different ways of mapping to the host resources:

Type of mappingDescription
"<file-name>.vdisk"Mapping to the file representing a physical disk of the HP Alpha system (disk image). 
These files can be created from scratch with "mkdskcmd" utility. Data and OS disk backups are transferred from the original system via tapes or network and restored into these container files.
Mapping may also include the full path (recommended), for example: "/my_disks/my_boot_disk.vdisk
"/dev/sd<L>"

Mapping to physical disk. "L" is letter here (warning) Be careful not to destroy all the information from the disk dedicated to CHARON-AXP by mistake.

These disks must not be formatted by the host OS.

(info) It is also possible to use not a whole disk, but previously created partitions on it. In this case the syntax is the following: "/dev/sd<L><N>" where N is the number of partition to be used.

Since "/dev/sd<L>" addressing is not persistent, so it is strongly recommended to use "/dev/disk/by-id/wwn-*" syntax instead to refer the disk by its WWID - especially in the enviroments utilizing FC and SAN storages (see below).

"/dev/dm-<N>"
"/dev/mapper/mpath<N>"
"/dev/mapper/disk<N>"
Mapping to multipath disk. (warning) Be careful not to destroy all the information from the disk dedicated to CHARON-AXP by mistake.  

These disks must not be formatted by the host OS.

"/dev/disk/by-*"

Mapping to physical disk.

  • by-id (addressing by the disk ID, for example "/dev/disk/by-id/ata-ST1000DM003-9YN162_S1D01QJ4")
  • by-label (addressing by the disk label, for example "/dev/disk/by-label/MyStorage")
  • by-uuid (addressing by the disk UUID, for example "/dev/disk/by-uuid/0e808a2f-cdd3-4944-a245-f729ffd73882")

(warning) Be careful not to destroy all the information from the disk dedicated to CHARON-AXP by mistake.

 These disks must not be formatted by the host OS.

Numbers in the square brackets represent KGPSA-CA units. They can be in the range 0..32766, but no more than 255 units can be configured on a single controller.

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KGPSA-CA pass through mode

It is also possible to use the emulated KGPSA-CA in "pass through" mode to address a physical EMULEX LightPulse PCI/PCI-X/PCIe FC adapter plugged into the host’s PCI/PCI-X/PCIe slot.

The sample configuration file provides a template for this type of mapping:

#set FGA host_bus_location = "/dev/kgpsaX"
#set FGB host_bus_location = "/dev/kgpsaY"

Follow this link for detailed description of building and installation of EMULEX LightPulse PCI/PCI-X/PCIe FC adapter driver.

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Auto boot

CHARON-AXP can be configured to automatically boot an operating system at start up by specifying the default boot device and setting the 'auto_action' parameter to 'restart' from the console.

Example: dka0 is defined as the default boot device

>>>set bootdef_dev dka0
>>>set auto_action restart

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© Stromasys, 1999-2024  - All the information is provided on the best effort basis, and might be changed anytime without notice. Information provided does not mean Stromasys commitment to any features described.