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General description

CHARON-VAX provides the following set of utilities:

to physical tapes.

Utility	Description
mkdskcmd	Used to create CHARON virtual disk containers of custom or standard types. This utility also may be used to transfer virtual disks of one type to virtual disks of another type.	hasp_srm_view	Used to display the CHARON license contents, to collect the host system fingerprint and to transfer software licenses from one host to another.
hasp_update	Sentinel standard utility used to retrieve Sentinel protection key information, detache a license from a Sentinel SL key and rehost a license from a Sentinel SL key
ncu	Used to dedicate a host interface to CHARON-VAX, to release it back to the host and to manage CHARON virtual interfaces (TAPs).
mtd	Used to create CHARON tape images from physical tapes and to write tape images back
CHARON Guest Utilities for OpenVMS	Used to manage virtual tapes and CHARON performance.

All these utilities (exept for CHARON Guest Utilities for OpenVMS) are invoked from Linux console command line.

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Creating disk images

The "mkdskcmd" utility:

Creates empty disk images of a given standard disk type or a custom disk size
Transfers existing disk images of one type to disk images of another type.

The first step is to obtain the name of the disk that needs to be created:

$ mkdskcmd --list

This command results in a list of all supported disk types.

Choose the desired disk (for example "RZ22"), then use the "mkdskcmd" command to create the virtual disk image as shown below:

$ mkdskcmd --disk rz22 --output rz22.vdisk

A disk container "rz22.vdisk" will be created in the current directory.

Info
A file "rz22.avdisk" will also be created. This file helps CHARON accurately recognize a specific disk image type. It is recommended to put the ".avdisk" file in the same directory as the created disk image.

It is also possible to create custom disk images using "--blcount" (blocks count) and "--blsize" (blocks size) switches.

To get all the available parameters please use the "–help"switch:

...

mkdisk for CHARON utility v. 1.14
Copyright: STROMASYS, 2015

Usage:
mkdskcmd [Options]

Options:
--help - to see help screen
-h - to see help screen

--output <full name> - to specify output file name
-o <full name> - to specify output file name

--disk <disk name> - to specify the disk name from Disk table
-d <disk name> - to specify the disk name from Disk table

--blsize <number> - to specify the block size in bytes (custom disk image)
-z <number> - to specify the block size in bytes (custom disk image)

--blcount <number> - to specify number of the blocks (custom disk image)
-c <number> - to specify number of the blocks (custom disk image)

--avtable <full_name> - to specify AVDISK table file
-a <full_name> - to specify AVDISK table file

-t - please see the '--transform' options description
--transform <source_disk_name> <source_disk_params> - to transform the the disk image (change actual size)
<source_disk_name> - the file name of the disk image to be transformed
<source_disk_params> - the name of the disk from the list of available at the Disk table
The source disk size will changed accordingly the reach the specified parameters.
To specify the transform parameters manually, follow the option below:
--transform <source_disk_name> --blsize <number> --blcount <number>

--shrink - parameter which needs to be EXPLICITLY provided, if the disk size is to be decreased
-k - parameter which needs to be EXPLICITLY provided, if the disk size is to be decreased

--list <full_name> - to display AVDISK table
-l <full_name> - to display AVDISK table

--silent - silent mode running
-s - silent mode running

Return value:
0 - for Success
Non zero - in case of failure

Examples:
mkdskcmd -h
mkdskcmd -l
mkdskcmd -a /opt/charon/utils/mkdsk.vtable -o /etc/rk07.vdisk -d rk07
mkdskcmd -o /etc/custom.vdisk -z 512 -c 16384
mkdskcmd -t /etc/rz22.vdisk rz25 -a /opt/charon/utils/mkdsk.vtable
mkdskcmd -t /etc/rz22.vdisk rz25 -a /opt/charon/utils/mkdsk.vtable -z 512 -c 262134

The "--avtable" parameter is used to work with an alternative disk specification database (or to point to the standard database ("mkdsk.vtable") if it is in a location other than the current directory).

The "--blcount" (blocks count) and "--blsize" (blocks size) switches are used to create custom disk images.

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Transferring disk images

The "mkdskcmd" utility is able to transfer (copy) disk images of one type to a disk image of another type.

This operation is needed, for example, to obtain more free space on a disk image that already contains data.

Note: it is not possible to add more free space dynamically. CHARON-VAX must be stopped before performing this operation.

Info
If a source disk image is larger than the target disk image, the extra data is lost. If the source disk image is smaller, it will be extended and padded with null bytes ('\0').

An example of the syntax follows:

$ mkdskcmd --transfer <source disk file name> <source disk parameters> [--shrink] [-k]

where:

<source disk file name> - a file name of the disk image to be transferred
<source disk parameters> - the name of the disk from the list of available on "mkdskcmd --list" request or the disk geometry specification (see below).
--shrink or -k - used in the case when the target disk is transferred to a smaller disk.

Example:

$ mkdskcmd --transfer /etc/rz22.vdisk rz25

It is also possible to specify the disk parameters manually with "--blcount / -c" (blocks count) and "--blsize / -z" (blocks size) switches:

...

Example:

$ mkdskcmd -t /etc/custom.vdisk -z 512 -c 262134

Warning
There is a certain delay between the moment when the utility reports that a disk image has been transferred and its actual availability to CHARON. This delay can reach to several minutes in case of very big disks transfers. It happens because the host operating systems needs some time for actual allocation of the enlarged file on HDD.

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The "mtd" utility is used to:

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to

...

physical

...

Usage is the following:

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Parameters:

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Usage: mtd [options] <tape-drive-name> <file-name> - dump tape content to file
mtd <file-name> <tape-drive-name> - restore dump to tape
mtd <file-name> <file-name> - convert formats
mtd <file-name> - examine tape dump and check integrity

<tape-drive-name> - tape drive
<file-name> - name of tape container file (.mtd or .vtape)

Options: -l <file-name> - log file name (.log)
-n - do not rewind tape
-r <number> - number of attempts to retry failing tape reads
-i - ignore failing tape reads (implies -r 0)
-p - disable progress reporting
-v - enable verbose trace of data transfer (implies -p)
-s - output tape image in SMA format
-g - gather statistics and print upon completion

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Example:

$ mtd -l tape1.txt -r 10 /dev/st5 /charon//tape1vtape

tapes

.

Use the following syntax to write the content of a tape container to a physical tape:

...

Example:

$ mtd /charon/tapes/tape1.vtape /dev/st5

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hasp_srm_view

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The "hasp_srm_view" utility displays content of CHARON-AXP licenses.

Run the utility with one of the following parameters to see the license(-s) details:

"-l" (or without parameters) - CHARON default license details
"-all" - all available CHARON licenses details
"-key <key number>" - specific CHARON license (defined by its "key number") details

The "hasp_srm_view" utility provides the following functionality:

Display the CHARON-AXP licenses details. It is possible to view all available license or some specific one.
Collecting license status information
Collecting host fingerprint information

Run the utility without any options to display the license details.

...

# hasp_srm_view -help

CHARON Sentinel HASP utility
Copyright: STROMASYS, 2016

Options:
-? or -h or -help - to see help screen

-l - to see CHARON license details (for default key)
-all - to see CHARON license details (for all available keys)
-key <key number> - to see CHARON license details (for specific key)

-c2v <C2V file> - to collect the key status information (C2V file) -c2v <C2V file> -key <key number> - to collect C2V file for specific local key
-fgp <C2V file> - to collect the host fingerprint information (C2V file)

The specific type of CHARON license defines what switches may be used in each case.

Collecting the "c2v" file can be done only from the CHARON host console.

Remote collection of status information

For remote collection of status information it is recommended to use "ssh" as shown in the following examples:

...

To see the license text on the console:

# ssh root@localhost /opt/charon/bin/hasp_srm_view

To collect license text to an output file on host server:

...

The "hasp_srm_view" utility always reports the ID and IP address of the host(s) where active licenses are found.

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The "hasp_update" is a Sentinel standard utility for license management included in CHARON-VAX kit.

To invoke the "hasp_update" utility login as "root" and use the following syntax:

# hasp_update <option> [filename]

where:

...

Path to the C2V file
Optional: uses "stdout" if file name is not specified (in case of 'i'nfo)

Example:

# hasp_update u license_update.v2c

Info
We recommend to use this tool only for "Update a Sentinel protection key / attach a detached license" function ("u" option). For the rest use "hasp_srm_view" utility.

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Used to display the CHARON license contents, to collect the host system fingerprint and to collect license data required for license updates.
hasp_update	Sentinel standard utility. Used with Charon to install and update licenses.
ncu	Used to dedicate a host interface to CHARON-VAX, to release it back to the host and to manage CHARON virtual interfaces (TAPs).

The utility allocates chosen network interfaces (both physical and virtual) and configures the offload parameters.

Dedication of a host physical interface to CHARON

Login as root and enter "ncu". The following menu will appear:

...

Interfaces Dedicated to State
---------- ------------ ------------
eth0 host         connected to host
eth1       host         connected from host
lo         host         unmanaged from host

================================================================= 
bridge name        bridge id         STP enabled       interfaces 
========================== VLAN ================================= 
=================================================================

select action:

1 - Dedicate to CHARON 
2 - Release to host 
3 - Create Bridge with TAPs 
4 - Remove Bridge 
5 - Add VLAN 
6 - Remove VLAN 
7 - Print status 
8 - Exit

:> 8

The utility lists available network interfaces (both physical and virtual) and indicates whether they are dedicated to the host or to CHARON and whether they are currently in use by host operating system.

"ncu" offers several options:

Dedicate interface to CHARON
Release interface to host
Create a bridge between a chosen physical network interface and the Linux virtual network and create a number of virtual network interfaces
Remove the Linux virtual network and all the created virtual network interfaces
Add VLAN interface
Remove VLAN interface
Print status - use it to display status of network interfaces and the menu shown above
Exit

In the example above we see 2 network interfaces - "eth0" and "eth1", both of them are dedicated to host, but host uses only the interface "eth0".

Let's dedicate the interface "eth1" to CHARON-AXP.

Enter "1", then type "eth1" and press Enter:

...

Specify the interface to dedicate to CHARON:eth1
Turning off offloading for eth1.. Please wait

select action:

1 - Dedicate to CHARON 
2 - Release to host 
3 - Create Bridge with TAPs 
4 - Remove Bridge 
5 - Add VLAN 
6 - Remove VLAN 
7 - Print status 
8 - Exit

:> 7

...

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Now the interface "eth1" is dedicated to CHARON-AXP:

...

Interfaces Dedicated to State
---------- ------------ ------------
eth0       host         connected to host
eth1       CHARON       disconnected from host
lo         host         unmanaged from host

================================================================= 
bridge name            bridge id         STP enabled     interfaces 
========================== VLAN ================================= 
=================================================================

select action:

1 - Dedicate to CHARON 
2 - Release to host 
3 - Create Bridge with TAPs 
4 - Remove Bridge 
5 - Add VLAN 
6 - Remove VLAN 
7 - Print status 
8 - Exit

Enter "8" to return to console prompt.

Now "eth1" can be used by CHARON-AXP.

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Release of a host physical interface back to host

Login as root and enter "ncu". The following menu will appear:

...

Interfaces Dedicated to State
---------- ------------ ------------
eth0       host         connected to host
eth1       CHARON       disconnected from host
lo         host         unmanaged from host

================================================================= 
bridge name           bridge id          STP enabled      interfaces 
========================== VLAN ================================= 
=================================================================

select action:

1 - Dedicate to CHARON 
2 - Release to host 
3 - Create Bridge with TAPs 
4 - Remove Bridge 
5 - Add VLAN 
6 - Remove VLAN 
7 - Print status 
8 - Exit

:> 2

Let's say that we want to return the interface "eth1" (currently dedicated to CHARON) back to host. To do that enter "2" then "eth1":

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Specify the interface to release to HOST:eth1
Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/3)

select action:

1 - Dedicate to CHARON 
2 - Release to host 
3 - Create Bridge with TAPs 
4 - Remove Bridge 
5 - Add VLAN 
6 - Remove VLAN 
7 - Print status 
8 - Exit

:> 8

Enter "8" to quit the "ncu" utility.

The interface "eth1" is released back to host system now.

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Creation of a virtual network

Login as root and enter "ncu":

...

# ncu
CHARON Network Configuration Utility, STROMASYS (c) 2016 Version 1.6

Interfaces Dedicated to State
---------- ------------ ------------
eth0       host         connected to host
eth1       host         connected to host
lo         host         unmanaged from host

================================================================= 
bridge name         bridge id          STP enabled      interfaces 
========================== VLAN ================================= 
=================================================================

select action:

1 - Dedicate to CHARON 
2 - Release to host 
3 - Create Bridge with TAPs 
4 - Remove Bridge 
5 - Add VLAN 
6 - Remove VLAN 
7 - Print status 
8 - Exit

:> 3

Enter "3" to create a bridge between the host physical network adapter and the LINUX virtual network interfaces (TAP) and specify the physical network interface ("eth1" in our example) and the number of virtual network interfaces to be created (2 in our example):

Specify the interface to be used for BRIDGE:eth1
How many tap should be created:2
Forming the bridge: ..1..2..3..4..5.. addif tap0 .. addif tap1 ..7..8 done!
Formed bridge br0_eth1 attached over eth1...

select action:

1 - Dedicate to CHARON 
2 - Release to host 
3 - Create Bridge with TAPs 
4 - Remove Bridge 
5 - Add VLAN 
6 - Remove VLAN 
7 - Print status 
8 - Exit

...

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Now enter "7" to see the created virtual interfaces:

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Interfaces Dedicated to State
---------- ------------ ------------

eth0           host            connected to host 
eth1           bridge          connected to bridge 
lo             host            unmanaged from host 
tap0           CHARON          connected to host 
tap1           bridge          connected to bridge 
================================================================= 
bridge name         bridge id           STP enabled         interfaces 
br0_eth1            8000.768e1ea091d9   no                  eth1 
                                                            tap0 
                                                            tap1 
========================== VLAN ================================= 
=================================================================

select action:

1 - Dedicate to CHARON 
2 - Release to host 
3 - Create Bridge with TAPs 
4 - Remove Bridge 
5 - Add VLAN 
6 - Remove VLAN 
7 - Print status 
8 - Exit

:> 8

In the example above we see 2 virtual network Interfaces "tap0" and "tap1" connected to the created bridge. The physical network interface "eth1" is used for the bridge to the virtual network interfaces.

The interfaces "tap0" and "tap1" are ready to be used in CHARON configurations - they do not need to be additionally dedicated to CHARON.

Enter "8" to quit "ncu" utility.

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Removal of a virtual network

Login a root. Start "ncu" utility:

...

# ncu

Interfaces Dedicated to State ---------- ------------ ------------

eth0           host            connected to host 
eth1           bridge          connected to bridge 
lo             host            unmanaged from host 
tap0           CHARON          connected to host 
tap1           bridge          connected to bridge 
================================================================= 
bridge name         bridge id           STP enabled         interfaces 
br0_eth1            8000.768e1ea091d9   no                  eth1 
                                                            tap0 
                                                            tap1 
========================== VLAN ================================= 
=================================================================

select action:

1 - Dedicate to CHARON 
2 - Release to host 
3 - Create Bridge with TAPs 
4 - Remove Bridge 
5 - Add VLAN 
6 - Remove VLAN 
7 - Print status 
8 - Exit

:> 4

Enter "4" then enter the interface name that is a bridge to the Linux virtual network on this host ("eth1" in our example):

...

Specify the phys interface used for BRIDGE:eth1
Cleanup bridge br0_eth1 with ip over eth1...
Removing the bridge: ..1..2 delif eth1
delif tap0
delif tap1
..5..6..7..8 done!

select action:

1 - Dedicate to CHARON 
2 - Release to host 
3 - Create Bridge with TAPs 
4 - Remove Bridge 
5 - Add VLAN 
6 - Remove VLAN 
7 - Print status 
8 - Exit

:> 8

Enter "8" to quit "ncu" utility.

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Adding VLAN interface

Login a root. Start "ncu" utility:

...

# ncu

Interfaces Dedicated to State ---------- ------------ ------------

eth0       host         connected to host
eth1       host         connected to host
lo         host         unmanaged from host

================================================================= 
bridge name         bridge id          STP enabled      interfaces 
========================== VLAN ================================= 
=================================================================

select action:

1 - Dedicate to CHARON 
2 - Release to host 
3 - Create Bridge with TAPs 
4 - Remove Bridge 
5 - Add VLAN 
6 - Remove VLAN 
7 - Print status 
8 - Exit

:> 5

Enter "5" then enter:

The phisical interface name to be used for creating VLAN
The ID of the VLAN device
IP address of the VLAN device. Skip this step if no IP is required
Network mask of the VLAN device. Enter for no network mask.

...

Specify the phys interface used for VLAN:eth1 
Specify the id of VLAN device (<4095):111 
Specify the ip address of VLAN device or empty string for no ip address: 192.168.1.100
Specify the netmask address of VLAN device or empty string for no netmask: 225.225.225.0

select action:

1 - Dedicate to CHARON 
2 - Release to host 
3 - Create Bridge with TAPs 
4 - Remove Bridge 
5 - Add VLAN 
6 - Remove VLAN 
7 - Print status 
8 - Exit

:> 8

Enter "8" to quit "ncu" utility.

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Removing VLAN interface

Login a root. Start "ncu" utility:

...

# ncu

Interfaces Dedicated to State ---------- ------------ ------------

eth0       host         connected to host
eth1       host         connected to host
lo         host         unmanaged from host

================================================================= 
bridge name         bridge id          STP enabled      interfaces

========================== VLAN ================================= 
eth1.111 
=================================================================

select action:

1 - Dedicate to CHARON 
2 - Release to host 
3 - Create Bridge with TAPs 
4 - Remove Bridge 
5 - Add VLAN 
6 - Remove VLAN 
7 - Print status 
8 - Exit

:> 6

Enter "6" then enter the VLAN interface for remove:

...

select action:

1 - Dedicate to CHARON 
2 - Release to host 
3 - Create Bridge with TAPs 
4 - Remove Bridge 
5 - Add VLAN 
6 - Remove VLAN 
7 - Print status 
8 - Exit

:> 8

Enter "8" to quit "ncu" utility.

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The "CHARON Guest Utilities for OpenVMS" (CHARONCP) package contains several utilities for managing virtual tapes, changing the emulator speed and creating useful definitions for that operations.

This set of utilities is located in the "charoncp011.vdisk" disk file in the "/opt/charon/disks".

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Installation

Specify this image in the CHARON configuration file, boot from the system disk and mount the disk with the following OpenVMS command:

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Issue the following commands to install the package:

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* Are you satisfied with the backup of your system disk [YES]? YES
* Where will the distribution volumes be mounted: <device name>:[000000.CHARONCP011.KIT]

Enter the products to be processed from the first distribution volume set.
* Products: CHARONCP011

Select all the components included to the package:

...

Component Selection

Select the CHARONCP components you wish to install from the menu below.
An asterisk appears next to the packages that have already been
selected. You can remove a package from the list by selecting it
again. You may enter more than one selection by separating your
choices with commas.

1. [*] CHARONCP Guest Utility (REQUIRED)
2. [*] Compatability Utilities
3. [*] Install DCL Commands & Help

4. Exit

* Your choice [4]: 4

Proceed with installation using all the default options.

Once the installation is completed, update "SYSTARTUP_VMS.COM" file with the following line:

...

After that the package will be loaded automatically on startup.

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Performance optimization

CHARON takes 100% of host CPU even in case of idle state of guest OpenVMS operating system. To get rid of such resources consumption there is a specific option provided by CHARON Guest Utilities - "idle" mode.

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Loads the OpenVMS idle loop detection software. This allows CHARON to detect when the emulated CPU(s) are idle and use the host power saving instructions to reduce power usage.

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Adjusting emulator's speed

CHARON speed can be adjusted using these commands:

...

Emulator's shutdown control

It is possible to schedule CHARON to shutdown directly from OpenVMS:

...

The number of seconds before the CHARON emulator is to shut down.

The value can be between 0 and 65535 (approx. 18 hours).

...

Virtual tapes management

Specify mapping to tape container in the following way in the CHARON configuration file:

...

Example:

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Once it is done using the following commands it is possible to manage virtual tapes attached to CHARON:

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Create the specified host-file (if it does not already exist) and attach it to the specified virtual tape device.

Example:

$ CHARONCP SET MAGTAPE MKA600: /LOAD="backup_01.vtape"

...

Detach any file currently attached to te specified virtual tape device.

Example:

$ CHARONCP SET MAGTAPE MKA600: /UNLOAD

Possible errors:

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The filename specified as a value to the qualifier /LOAD was either too long or does not have a file extension of ".vtape".

...

Attempting to execute a SET MAGTAPE/LOAD when a file is already attached.

Perform a SET MAGTAPE/UNLOAD first. If a SET MAGTAPE/LOAD command has not previously been executed, then the CHARON configuration container specification for the tape device may contain a full path. Doing this will create and attach and initial tape container file. To avoid this, remove the file name from the specification (leaving only a fileextension of ".vtape" and optional directory).

If some tape container has been already specified in the CHARON configuratioon file use the command "CHARONCP SET MAGTAPE <device> /UNLOAD" to unload it first.

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Defining keys

It is possible to define certain keys on the terminal keyboard for fast access to the CHARONCP functionalilty while you are in CHARONCP:

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$ CHARONCP
CHARONCP> DEFINE /KEY <key-name> <equivalence-string>

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Defines an equivalence string and a set of attributes with a key on the terminal keyboard.

You can have a set of keys defined automatically for use with the CHARONCP utility by placing DEFINE/KEY commands in the file SYS$LOGIN:CHARONCP_KEYDEFS.INI

Example:

$CHARONCP
CHARONCP> DEFINE /KEY F1 "SET MAGTAPE MKA600: /UNLOAD"

...

Displays key definitions created with the DEFINE/KEY command. Refer to the DCL help entry for SHOW KEY for further information.

Example:

$CHARONCP
CHARONCP> SHOW KEY F1
DEFAULT key state definitions:
F1 = "set magtape mka600: /unload"
CHARONCP>

For more information refer to the OpenVMS DCL Dictionary (DEFINE/KEY section).

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Displaying version

...

Displays the CHARONCP package version number and architecture. This can be useful for customers reporting issues with the CHARONCP software.

Example:

$ CHARONCP SHOW VERSION

CHARONCP version id is: V1.1

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CHARON Guest Utilities for OpenVMS

Used to manage virtual tapes and CHARON performance.

All these utilities (except for CHARON Guest Utilities for OpenVMS) are invoked from the Linux console command line.

Versions Compared

Old Version 4

New Version Current

Key

Table of Contents

General description

Creating disk images

Transferring disk images

Remote collection of status information

Dedication of a host physical interface to CHARON

Release of a host physical interface back to host

Creation of a virtual network

Removal of a virtual network

Adding VLAN interface

Removing VLAN interface

Installation

Performance optimization

Adjusting emulator's speed

Emulator's shutdown control

Virtual tapes management

Defining keys

Displaying version